2022文职英语专业语言学备考知识：语用学
语用学
(一)Speech act theory(言语行为理论)
1. A locutionary act is the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax lexicon and phonology.
2. An illocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention; it is the act performed in saying something.
3. A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about the utterance; it is the act performed by saying something.
(二)会话准则
1. Maxim of quality 质量准则：使你的话尽量真实。
2.Maxim of quantity 数量原则：你的话应当包含所需要的信息内容。
3.Maxim of relevance 相关准则：使你的话与话题相关
4.Maxim of manner 方式准则：表达要清晰，避免模糊、歧义。
【例】Speech act theory is an important theory in the ( ) study of language.
A. semantic
B. pragmatic
C. phonetic
D. morphological
【答案】B。言语行为理论是语言学语用研究中的一个重要理论，所以应该选择B项。A项：语义学;C项：语音学;D项：形态学，均不符合题目要求。故正确答案为选项B。
